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NIH Image
The commands in this sub-menu add (subtract, multiply, etc.) a constant to each pixel in the current rectangular selection, or if there is no selection, the entire image. If Real Result is checked, calibrated pixel values are used and the result is stored, in a new window, as both 32-bit real and scaled 8-bit images. The 8-bit image is calibrated using a linear calibration function so that commands in NIH Image that only 'see' the 8-bit image (currently everything accept Arithmetic, Image Math and FFT) will use approximations of the real pixel values.

Add
Adds a constant to each pixel in the selection. Results greater than 255 are set to 255.

Subtract
Subtracts a constant from each pixel in the selection. Results less than 0 are set to 0.

Multiply
Multiplies each pixel in the selection by a constant. Results greater than 255 are set to 255.

Divide
Divides each pixel in the selection by a constant.

Log
Replaces each pixel (V) in the selection with ln(V) * 255 / ln(255), where ln(V) is the natural logarithm (loge) of V. The result is set to 0 if V is equal to 0.

AND, OR, XOR
Performs the selected Boolean operation on each pixel in the selection.

Steve Barrett     November 2014

S.D.Barrett @ liv.ac.uk