Viruses constitute the most abundant and diverse planktonic component in the ocean. Despite the recent surge in their study, our knowledge on their actual biodiversity and distribution remains sparse, especially in extreme environment like the Arctic. Here we report the first study of the diversity of Arctic marine viral dsDNA communities in samples collected from deep water column profiles around the Svalbard archipelago over a full annual cycle. Two ecologically significant dsDNA viral groups, T4-like myoviridae (g23) and large algal viruses (MCP), were studied by high throughput sequencing of 31 samples. The OTUs were examined to characterize the viral communities in context of the physical and biological properties of the different water masses in the region, including cold Atlantic Water (cAW), IntermediateWater (IW), Arctic Water (ArW), Surface Water (SW).Biogeographic examination was also performed to assess the phylogenetic relationships between Arctic Ocean g23- /MCP- genotypes and the global diversity of these viruses.