Progress in rheology
and hydrodynamics allowed by NMR or MRI techniques
P Coussot
Laboratoire Navier,
Univ Gustave Eiffel, France
Abstract
In modern fluid mechanics it has become common
to attempt to observe internal flow characteristics even in non-transparent
materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers a wide range of
possibilities of non-destructive measurements inside such materials. Indeed, by
exciting differently different areas (which leads to magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI)), NMR allows to get various information on the physical characteristics
of the system at a local scale, such as the liquid content and the displacement
or velocity of the liquid molecules, through local or statistical measurements.
Moreover, since the relaxation of the signal is affected by the interactions of
the liquid with its environment, NMR offers the possibility to determine the
liquid state and estimate the pore size or shape in which the liquid lies, or the
concentration of suspended elements in a liquid. This presentation will start
by a brief overview of the basic technical elements allowing to understand the
principles of the technique, its versatility to measure various flow and
material characteristics, and the technical difficulties (and costs) inherent
to this technique. We will then review applications of NMR in complex flows,
rheology of complex fluids, flow in porous media, colloid transport, fluid
transfers in complex porous systems, etc, with a
special emphasis on approaches which definitely go beyond basic qualitative
imaging to effectively provide a progress in our physical understanding of the
phenomena.
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