Bacteriophage ɸ24B and its ability to modulate microbial physiology and antimicrobial tolerance by hiijacking the fatty acid synthesis pathway


Giles Holt1, Alan McCarthy2, Ashleigh Graham1, John Lodge1, Simon Bridge1, Alistair Brown4, Marta Veses-Garcia2, Clare Lanyon1, Andy Sails3, Heather Allison2, Darren Smith1

1Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle upon tyne, United Kingdom
2Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
3Public Health England, Royal Victoria Hospital, Newcastle upon tyne, United Kingdom
4School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Health, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom


Shiga-toxigenic encoding Escherichia coli are a global health concern. Carriage of the shigatoxin gene increases the pathogenicity of the bacteria as the toxin has downstream impact on clinical disease. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) symptoms lead from mild to severe bloody diarrhoea, where the toxin targets protein synthesis in specific cells leading to cell death and clinical sequalae including; haemolytic ureamic syndrome (HUS), haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). This toxin is carried by lambdoid-like bacteriophages. Temperate bacteriophages play an underestimated role in microbial evolution, especially microbial infection and disease progression. Using comparative metabolite profiling and targeted GC-MS of fatty acid methyl esters we demonstrate the impact of the Shiga toxin-prophage ɸ24B on its Escherichia coli host. We show that as a lysogen, the prophage alters the physiology of its host cell by decreasing the total fatty acid composition, either through catabolism or down regulation. Our previous work showed phage-mediated control of the biotin pathway and it being rate limiting to growth. The biotin pathway is intrinsically linked to the fatty acid synthesis pathway and is likely manipulated by the same phage mechanisms. Intriguingly distinct strategies in host cell wall fatty acids are noticed when treated with antimicrobials 8-hydroxyquinoline or chloroxylenol. When stressed, alongside increasing the total cell wall lipids compared to the naïve host, there is a significant increase in Cyclopropaneoctanoic acid, 2-octyl- and dodecanoic acid. We hypothesise that when the host is not challenged by the antimicrobial the phage manipulates the fatty acid synthesis pathway to redirect energy and resources from cell wall physiology. We further hypothesise under antimicrobial challenge phage infection promotes broad antimicrobial resistance by increasing total cell wall lipids, significantly increasing fatty acids that alter membrane fluidity.






Reference:
Poster Day 3-T08-Pos-46
Session:
Posters: Virus host cell interactions, Structure/Function, Viral control of the host
Presenters:
Giles Holt
Session:
Day 3 Posters Covering: Virus host cell interactions, Structure/Function, Viral control of the host
Presentation type:
Poster presentation
Room:
Poster Halls
Date:
Wednesday, 20 July 2016
Time:
12:05 - 15:30