Genetic Determinants of Lactococcal C2likeviruses for Host Infection and Their Role in Phage Evolution


Dennis Romero, Anne Millen

DuPont Nutrition & Health, Madison, United States


Lactococcus lactis is an industrial starter culture used for the production of fermented dairy products. Pip (phage infection protein) bacteriophage insensitive mutant (BIM) L. lactis DGCC11032 was isolated following challenge of parental strain DGCC7271 with C2likeviruses. Over a period of industrial use, phages infecting DGCC11032 were isolated from industrial whey samples and identified as C2likeviruses. Although Pip is reported to be the receptor for many C2likeviruses including species type phage c2, a similar cell membrane associated protein, YjaE, was recently reported as the receptor for C2likevirus bIL67. Characterization of DGCC7271 BIMs following challenge with phage capable of infecting DGCC11032 identified mutations in yjaE, confirming YjaE as necessary for infection. DGCC7271 YjaE mutants remained sensitive to the phages used to generate pip variant DGCC11032 indicating a distinction in host phage determinants. We will refer to C2likeviruses requiring Pip as c2-type and C2likeviruses that require YjaE as bIL67-type. Genomic comparisons of two c2-type phages unable to infect pip mutant DGCC11032 and four bIL67-type phages isolated on DGCC11032 confirmed the segregation of each group based on resemblance to prototypical phages c2 and bIL67, respectively. The distinguishing feature is linked to three contiguous late expressed genes: l14-15-16 (c2) and ORF34-35-36 (bIL67). Phage recombinants in which the c2-like l14-15-16 homologue gene set was exchanged with corresponding bIL67 genes ORF34-35-36 were capable of infecting a pip mutated host. Together, these results correlate the phage genes corresponding to l14-15-16 (c2) and ORF34-35-36 (bIL67) to host lactococcal phage determinants Pip and YjaE, respectively.






Reference:
Posters Day 2-T03-Pos-24
Session:
Posters Covering Ecology, Host population control, Co-Evolutionary dynamics and Subversion/Evasion of Host Defences
Presenters:
Dennis Romero
Session:
Day 2 Posters Covering: Ecology, Host population control, Co-evolutionary dynamics and Subversion/Evasion of host defences
Presentation type:
Poster presentation
Room:
Poster Halls
Date:
Tuesday, 19 July 2016
Time:
12:05 - 15:00